GUIDANCE FOR THE ENGLISH PAPER

ENGLISH PROSE / POETRY/COMPOSITION  GUIDANCE  FOR THE SECOND TERM PAPER  - STD 7

1. READ THE PROSE CHPTS VERY WELL. TRY AND UNDERSTAND THE DETAILS OF THE CHPT.

BE PREPARED FOR TOPICS BASED ON THEM FOR PERSONAL RESPONSE

2. WORDSTUDY  WILL HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE CHPT. AND WILL ALSO HELP YOU IDENTIFY THE WORD.

3. PHRASES USED IN THE CHPT.  NEEDS  TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN THE RIGHT CONTEXT.

4. PREPARE YOURSELF WELL WITH THE GRAMMAR TOPICS THAT CAN BE TESTED BASED ON THE CHPT.

5. PREPARE YOURSELF ON THE RAPID READER CHPT. SLATED FOR  THE SECOND TERM.

6. FIGURES OF SPEECH CAN BE TESTED BASED ON THE POEMS.

7. BE PREPARED TO IDENTIFY THE RHYME SCHEME IN THE POEMS.

8. FOR COMPLAIN LETTERS FORMAL LETTER TYPE YOU MAY REFERV TO THE BLOG AND READ  CHPT.27 .

9. PAY SPECIAL ATTENTION TO SPELLINGS AND PUNCTUATIONS.

10. LETTER WRITING FORMAL TYPE HAS A FORMAT TO BE FOLLOWED. REFER TO THE TIP[S GIVEN FOR FORMAL LETTER  WRITING .

11. WRITING SKILL   SECTION  (COMPOSITION ) WILL BE EVALUATED FOR FORMAT / CONTENT AND LANGUAGE.

 ALL THE BEST !

FORMAL LETTER WRITING

 How to write a formal letter

With the advent of email, it is becoming less and less common to write letters, but the few letters that you will write will probably be very important ones, such as covering letters for job applications, covering letters for questionnaires or surveys which are part of your research, or letters of complaint to your bank manager.

It is very important, therefore, that your letters have the desired effect on the reader. In order to achieve this, they should be:

 in the correct format

 short and to the point

 relevant

 free of any grammatical or spelling mistakes

      polite, even if you’re complaining

      well presented

This guide will give some general advice on letter writing.

1 Your address, but not your name, usually goes in the top right hand corner. You would not
usually include your telephone number or email address here.

2 The name and address of the person you’re writing to goes below this, on the left. If
you don’t have a specific name, always at least try to put some sort of title. You
should always, however, address the letter to a particular person if at all possible.

3 The  date can go on the  right, usually below
the addressee details. The format of the date is also flexible; it could be written
5 April 2003, 5th April 2003, 5/4/03 or 05/04/03. Avoid putting the day and month the
other way round.

4 The salutation at the beginning of the letter depends on whether or not you have the
name of the person.

If you don’t know the name of the person, you would traditionally write Dear Sir. So many people prefer Dear Sir/Madam or Dear Sir or Madam.

The ending of the letter depends on how you have started: see below.

5 It is common now to put the subject of the letter directly below the salutation. This
would be in bold or underlined. The purpose is to give the reader an idea of what the
letter is about before reading it, and to be able to pass it on to a more appropriate
person if necessary.

6 The content of your letter should be as short as possible, divided into short, clear
paragraphs.

7 To end the letter, you would normally write Yours sincerely if you have started the
letter with the name of the person, or Yours faithfully if you have started with
something like Dear Sir.

8 Sign you name directly below this and then print it below the signature. When you attempt this letter in your paper use abbreviations. For example – ABC or DEF. This is mainly to be done so that you don’t disclose your identity.

Be concise and relevant

The person you are writing to may be deluged with letters and if yours is 3 sides of dense text, then there is every possibility it will end up in the bin. Letters should take seconds rather than minutes to read.

As a result, get straight to the point and stick to it, don’t include any unnecessary or supplementary information, don’t use any flowery language or long words just for the sake of it, and don’t repeat too much information which may already be included .

Check your grammar and spelling very carefully

Mistakes will create a very bad impression, will lessen the effect of what you’re saying.

check the spelling yourself.

 check your grammar carefully. If it’s been pointed out to you that you make
   mistakes, look especially for these kinds of errors.

 check your sentences and punctuation. Are the sentences complete? Does the
   punctuation help to make what you’re saying clearer?

Don’t rush the letter; many mistakes occur because of this. Allow plenty of time for checking, and if necessary.

Use the right tone of language

It’s important to use the right type of language. Most letters you write will need to be formal, but not overly so. In fact, you should use similar language to that which you use in your academic writing. This means you should:-

 avoid everyday, colloquial language; slang or jargon

 avoid contractions (I’m; it’// etc)

 avoid emotive, subjective language (terrible, rubbish etc)

 avoid vague words such as nice, good, get etc.

You should always be polite and respectful, even if complaining. One way of doing this in English, which is common in formal letter writing, is to use verbs such as would, could and should. Instead of simply writing Please send me, you could express this more formally as I would be grateful if you coul

Make sure the letter is well presented

Centre for Academic Success 
City North : 0121 331

Figure of Speech

You might have heard the expression “it’s a figure of speech,” but what does that really mean? A figure of speech  might be words with a literal meaning, a certain arrangements of words, or a phrase with a meaning that is something entirely other than that of the words themselves. Figures of speech can be refreshing and fun.

List of Figure of Speech and Examples

Alliteration

This is a very common figure of speech that involves using words that begin with the same sound. 

For instance, “Sally sells sea shells by the seashore” is alliteration – and try saying it fast to see how difficult it is! It is often used in advertising slogans to create something catchy that more people will remember. 

Metaphor

The use of metaphor compares two things that are not alike and finds something about them to make them alike.

“My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill” from a book by William Sharp is a good example of metaphor. Some writers try to use this style to create something profound out of comparing two things that appear to have nothing at all in common. 

Simile

In this figure of speech, two things are compared that are not really the same, but are used to make a point about each other. 

“Life is like a box of chocolatesThis is often used to make an emotional point about something. The difference between simile and metaphor is that you can obviously see words "like" in the sentence. 

Onomatopoeia

This is the use of a word that actually sounds like what it means. Good examples include “hiss” or “ding-dong” or “fizz.” These words are meant to describe something that actually sounds very much like the word itself. This is a trick often used in advertising to help convey what something is really like. 

Personification

This is a way of giving an inanimate object the qualities of a living thing. “The tree quaked with fear as the wind approached” is an example; “The sun smiled down on her” is another. This can sometimes be used to invoke an emotional response to something by making it more personable, friendly and relatable. 

ENGLISH PROSE AND POETRY - SECOND TERM

ENGLISH  PROSE  - SECOND TERM

CHPT. COURAGE IN REAL LIFE

WORDSTUDY

SPARK – REFERS TO ENERGY

RISK – AN ATTEMPT TO DO SOMETHING KNOWING THAT THE RESULT COULD BE BAD.

VOLUNTEER – TO OFFER SERVICE WILLINGLY

EXPLORE- TO DISCOVER SOMETHING NEW

REVIVED – TO TUIRN HEALTHY AGAIN

BOND – A SPECIAL FEELING OF TOGETHERNESS

INQUISITIVE – TO WANT TO KNOW MORE ABOUT SOMETHING

COMPELLED – TO FORCE

DEBT – MONEY THAT IS OWED TO SOMEONE

CREDITOR – SOMEONE TO WHOM MONEY IS OWED

FANFARE- PUBLICITY WITH A GRAND CELEBRATION

CONCERN – TO WORRY

INVOLVED- TO BE A PART OF SOMETHING

INTERFERE- TO GET INVOLVED WHEN NOT NEEDED

THREATNING- TO EXPRESS THE INTENTION TO HARM

CLUTCH – CONTROL

CONFER – TO GIVE HONOUR

INSPIRING – TO MAKE SOMEONE TO FOLLOW YOU IN YOUR FOOTSTEPS

LITTER- RUBBISH THAT IS LEFT LYING ON THE GROUND

CHPT. THE LAST LEAF

WORDSTUDY

COLONY – GROUP OF PEOPLE WITH THE SAME INTEREST WHO LIVE TOGETHER IN THE SAME AREA.

STUDIO –THE ROOM WHERE AN ARTIST WORKS

PNUEMONIA-ILLNESS OF THE LUNGS

BARE- NOT COVERED

IVY –AN EVERGREEN PLANT

VINE –PLANT THAT CLIMBS

GNARLED –ROUGH

DECAYED – DYING

AUTUMN- THE SEASON BETWEEN SUMMER AND WINTER

CLINGING – HOLDING TIGHTLY

BROTH-SOUP THAT IS THICK WITH VEGETABLE OR RICE

MASTERPIECE-ARTIST GREAT WORK

FIERCE-VIOLENT

SCOFFED- LAUGHED TO MAKE THE OTHER FEEL STUPID

FANCY – STRANGE

IDIOTIC – STUPID

MINGLED – MIXED

WEARILY – TIRED

LO!- LOOK

TINTED- TO ADD COLOUR

WORE AWAY –TO PASS AWAY SLOWLY

RAGED-TO HAPPEN IN A STRONG WAY

SCATTERED-TO MOVE IN DIFFERENT DIRECTIONS

FLUTTERED-TO MAKE DELICATE MOVEMENTSUP AND DOWN AND SIDE TO SIDE

ENGLISH POEM – THE BROOK

WORDSTUDY

BROOK –A SMALL STREAM

HAUNT – PLACE OFTEN VISITED

HERN- EUROPEAN WATER BIRD

SALLY –QUICK JOURNEY

SPARKLE –TO SHINE BRIGHTLY

FERN –GREEN PLANT WITH LONG STEM AND LEAVES

BICKER –TO RUN NOISILY

THORPE –ENGLISH WORD FOR VILLAGE

CHATTER- SOUND MADE WHEN SPEAKING VERY FAST

SHARPS AND TREBLE-MUSICAL SOUND /NOTES

BAY –A PART OF THE COAST WHERE THE LAND CURVES SO THAT THE SEA SURROUNDS BY LAND ON THREE SIDES

FRET –COMPLAINING NOISE

FAIRY FORELAND –PLACE THAT LOOKS LIKE A FAIRYLAND

WILLOW WEED –TREE THAT GROWS IN WATER WITH THIN LONG BRANCHES THAT HANG DOWNWARDS

MALLOW – PLANT WITH PURPLE FLOWERS

LUSTY – HEALTHY

FOAMY –BUBBLES FORMED ON THE SURFACE OF A LIQUID

FLAKE – A SMALL THIN PIECE

GLOOM –TO MOVE IN A DARK PLACE

SKIMMING SWALLOWS-SWALLOWS ARE BIRDS THAT TOUCH THE BROOK AND FLY OVER IT

SHALLOWS –SHORT DISTANCE FROM THE SURFACE TO THE BOTTOM

MURMUR –SOUND GENERATED WHILE SPEAKING SOFTLY

BRAMBLY –WILD BUSHES WITH THORNS THAT PRODUCES BLACKBERRIES

WILDERNESS –AREA NOT CULTIVATED

LINGER –TO TAKE TIME TO LEAVE

SHINGLY –SMALL ROUND STONESTHAT ARE FOUND BY THE EDGE OF THE RIVER

BAR –OBSTACLE

LOITER –TO MOVE SLOWLY

EVENING  - POEM

WORDSTUDY

‘TIS- IT IS

SOUGHT – FOUND WOOD – LAND COVERED WITH THICK GROWTH OF TREES

ON THE GARDEN WALL - POEM

WORDSTUDY

‘TWAS – IT WAS

PACING –WALKING UP AND DOWN

QUAINT –UNUSUAL

PAGE –A SERVANT TO A KING

SPAKE – SPOKE (OLD ENGLISH )

COURTIER –COMPANION TO A KING OR QUEEN

CHARIOT –TWO WHEELED CART PULLED BY HORSE

BADE –GREETED

SWIFTLY –WITH GREAT SPEED